By Par Malick Sene, Hann Baykeeper International Coordinator
Along the Atlantic coast of Africa, near Senegal’s capital city of Dakar, lies Hann Bay. Twenty-five years ago Hann Bay was one of the most sumptuous bays in the world. It is here that tropical ocean currents from the north and cool ocean currents from the south converge, providing a rich fishery of tilapia and grouper, which migrate along the bay’s mud-sand bottoms before they reach our plates, bringing us together for our daily lunch.
Communities of traditional fishermen regarded Hann Bay as Mame Coumba Bang, the goddess of the sea. Before going out to sea for their daily catch they decorated their boats with writings and drawings for Mame Coumba Bang, to protect them from danger and to receive the daily blessing of catching a fish to feed their family. The community stayed alive, stayed healthy, because of a culture that was spiritual, sustainable and equitable.
In the 1980s, villagers noticed that their bay was becoming increasingly polluted because of the lack of sewage infrastructure and untreated wastewater from industry. The City of Dakar and new, multinational industries like Mobil and the French box-manufacturer Carnaud regularly dumped wastewater into the bay. Fishermen started complaining to the government that they had to go further and further offshore for their daily catch. The government made small concessions to these fishermen, extending their fishing range, saying they could do nothing else. They never admitted that the real problem was pollution. By the early 1990s, villagers, fishermen sailors and community organizations began to see that their bay was suffering serious pollution. The quality of the fish had declined dramatically and disease vectors like flies and mosquitoes covered the water’s surface. People were getting sick. The bay had reached a breaking point and no one, not the government nor the companies responsible, was willing to deal with the pollution.
That’s when our organization, ASC Yarakh, stepped in. Since the early 1980s, ASC Yarakh has served as a sports and culture organization for the people of Hann Village, organizing soccer games, beach wrestling and traditional boat racings around Hann Bay. We organized ethnic and religious ceremonies like drum celebrations that kept our community together and our culture vibrant. When the sports season ended, our organization’s small staff and volunteers channeled their energy towards community-based programs like women’s empowerment, AIDS and malaria prevention, and environmental education and beach cleanups. But when the pollution hit us strong in the 1990s, our mission began to shift. During lunchtime in Senegal, when we would gather to enjoy a plate of rice and fish, we noticed something troubling: the fish smelled like petroleum. Even after boiling the fish for an hour in a slow cooker, all we would smell was petroleum. The same pollution that had polluted the bay had reached our plates and our stomachs. When something hits you that deep inside, you somehow generate the willpower to act.
ASC Yarakh began to keep an eye on Mobil and the City of Dakar, and we did not hesitate to raise our voice. We confronted city officials and the mayor about the city’s responsibility to protect the health of the people, and watched Mobil as it started pumping money into the community; handing out jobs, funding soccer teams and giving money to local leaders to keep quiet about the pollution. This is when ASC Yarakh began standing out against the rest. We pushed forward with the truth because for us, the health of the community was inextricably linked to the health of the bay.
In 1995, I moved to Canada and began volunteering with Petitcodiac Riverkeeper, in Moncton, New Brunswick. There I learned the real meaning of advocacy. I watched Petitcodiac Riverkeeper as they applied constant pressure through meetings, through lawsuits, through direct action, to see a victory for the river through to its end. I also saw the strength Petitcodiac Riverkeeper received from Waterkeeper Alliance and the network of clean water advocates that supported them. It was almost a decade later, when Michel LeBlanc-DesNeiges of Petitcodiac Riverkeeper, encouraged ASC Yarakh to apply to Waterkeeper Alliance to protect the waters of Hann Bay. We submitted a proposal in 2005 and soon enough, Hann Baykeeper became the first African organization to join Waterkeeper Alliance. Today, Hann Baykeeper is a strong organization that works side by side with ASC Yarakh, under the leadership of Hann Baykeeper Mouhamadou Diol and Executive Director Mbacke Seck.
From the beginning, I noticed something very different about Waterkeeper Alliance. They always put the community first. Before we officially joined the Alliance, staff members Marc Yaggi and Thom Byrne came to Africa to visit us. No one from Hann Village had ever seen an international organization walking the streets, talking to people and putting the community first, even before the Ministry of the Environment and the government. For us, this was amazing. The other thing is that, in the past, international organizations have come to us with donations, but few have offered us tools and the communication to make us stronger. Waterkeeper Alliance has given us access to an international network of advocates facing circumstances just like we face in Africa. We now have access to people who have worked on these issues for decades and through some of the hardest battles. And what we value most about Waterkeeper Alliance is that, it all comes down to empowerment. What we need most is not money or sponsorship. It is organizations from around the world behind you telling you, “We are here to support you.”
Since joining Waterkeeper Alliance we have already seen the power of this international movement translate into a cleaner, healthier bay. For decades, the City of Dakar operated an old, failing sewage treatment plant on Hann Bay. This pollution was not minor; 50 percent of the bay’s pollution came from the dilapidated sewage system dumping raw sewage into the bay. For years upon years, volunteers from ASC Yarakh pressured the City of Dakar to fix the plant, with little success. Repeatedly, the City of Dakar complained that they did not have the budget to fix the plant, that there was nothing they could do. Since Hann Baykeeper was founded, the City of Dakar has changed its policy. Earlier, the mayor never felt like anyone presented a serious challenge to him. But now, since the Hann Baykeeper was formed, he has witnessed how far our advocacy for a clean Hann Bay has reached. He has seen Hann Baykeeper touring the country, going internationally to Waterkeeper’s annual conference, and gaining the tools necessary to present a serious challenge to governmental and industrial apathy. They know that we are gaining the tools necessary for a clean Hann Bay, and that if the city of fails to stop pollution, we are willing to force legal action for the health of our citizens and our bay.
And more importantly, these victories for the bay have won Hann Baykeeper the support of the community. Because of our commitment to the bay, our executive director of Baykeeper, Mbacke Seck is on his way to represent the bay and the community nationally. Mbacke joined a newly formed party called Rewmi to represent the community and the bay in the Parliament of Senegal as the Deputy of Hann Village. In the last election cycle, out of the 14 parties that ran for the position, Mbacke’s party, Rewmi, came in second. This was unbelievable for us. Unfortunately, the election was canceled because of a nationwide boycott that was beyond our control. But Mbacke’s popularity amongst the community is a clear message that our community supports us, and wants us to represent environmental issues nationally.
With this much progress and the strength of the Waterkeeper movement behind us, it is our deepest hope that we will be a sustainable community once again. We hope that our communities will be alive and vibrant, and that our fishermen will hold onto their culture that has sustained our bay and our villages for centuries. It is our hope that our communities continue to come together for our bay, so they do not need to beg for jobs from the industries that are destroying our bay and our culture. We want to see the pollution end and the polluters held responsible for using our bay as their personal dumping grounds. And most of all, we look forward to the day when we can turn on the slow cooker, sit down, and enjoy a plate of steamy rice and fish, together at the table again. w
|
Hann Baykeeper volunteers welcome Waterkeeper Alliance staff member. From left to right: Maodo Dieng, Mouhamadou Diol (Hann Baykeeper), Matar Diop, Serigne Ndoye, Marc Yaggi (Waterkeeper Alliance), Anna Diallo, Malick Sene (author), Mor Mbaye, Pape Diop and Leyti Kane.
(Hann Baykeeper)
|