Local Government Takes Environmental Law Into Their Own Hands
An unprecedented county ordinance gives a local sheriff the right to enforce state and federal environmental laws.
By Stephen Henshaw

People seem to respond more promptly to the sheriff then to regulatory agencies – it helps the public understand pollution as a law enforcement problem, and polluters as law breakers.

Lake County, Indiana has a long history of heavy industry. Located 30 minutes from downtown Chicago on the Lake Michigan shoreline, the cities of Gary, East Chicago and Hammond struggle to restore brownfield sites and protect unique dune and swale wetlands, marshes and miles of sandy beaches. Unfortunately, companies have relocated, packed up and shipped out, with everything but the pollutants and hazardous wastes left behind. While effective environmental laws exist in the books, they are not strongly enforced. But since the passage of the Lake County Ordinance, authorities that traditionally fight crime and violence are now also enforcing state and federal environmental laws.

“If businesses or individuals pollute the environment, we’re going to prosecute them,” says Lake County Sheriff Roy Dominguez, who created the nation’s first local Environmental Crime Task Force. The Task Force, staffed by detectives, technical experts and environmental attorneys, is armed with a county ordinance that gives the sheriff the authority to enforce state and federal environmental laws. Fines and settlements go into the Lake County Environmental Enforcement Fund, which pays for environmental investigations, cleanups and prosecution costs. Since May 2006, Dominguez’s Task Force has investigated and prosecuted operators of auto salvage yards, defunct refineries, abandoned landfills and companies illegally dumping hazardous wastes, filling the gap between state and federal laws that have allowed polluters to flee without penalty.
Automobile Salvage Yards Targeted

Lake County has over 100 licensed automobile salvage yards. This is not incidental; the county is also home to two of North America’s largest integrated steel mills, which use large quantities of scrap metal. While these salvage yards prosper, most of them are not inspected regularly, and are spattered with piles of old tires and illegal containers of waste oil that contaminate soil and groundwater. Before the ordinance, the only way to remediate the sites was to wait for priority status from state and federal authorities alongside 96 other Indiana counties. But the Environmental Crime Task Force has made the investigation, prosecution and cleanup of these sites a priority, and is transforming Lake County through cleaner waterways, reduced toxic pollution and environmentally responsible businesses.

Former Hazardous Waste Plant Must Settle
For years, in Gary, Illinois, Berry Oil Refinery left behind a river of floating petroleum only to be inherited by Conservation Chemical Co. to process hazardous wastes. The defunct site is now slated to be part of the main runway at Gary-Chicago International Airport. EPA investigated the site in the early 1990s and forced a partial cleanup of the site. But federal Superfund laws contain loopholes for petroleum companies. For years, floating oil continued to migrate into surface waterbodies – until this May when the Task Force required former owners to provide information on their history, waste management practices and capacity to fund environmental cleanups. Today, the Task Force is in settlement discussions with the parties responsible and expects to recover all costs associated with cleaning up the site.

EPA Steps Up to Assist County Task Force
The 40-acre Feddeler Landfill reportedly disposed of hundreds of drums of hazardous waste and has long since been abandoned. The site poses a threat to community drinking water supplies. In September 2006, the Task Force, in conjunction with the Lake County Solid Waste Management District, conducted interviews, demanded information from companies believed to have disposed of hazardous waste and collected samples of contaminated sediments and water. EPA recently joined with the Task Force to initiate a comprehensive site investigation parallel to Sheriff Dominguez’s enforcement actions. The County Commissioners have worked with the Task Force to fund the installation of a fence around the landfill to protect unsuspecting hikers and hunters. The Task Force expects to either recover all costs associated with the investigation and site closure, or to compel responsible parties to undertake the closure.

How the County Ordinance Works
The Lake County Ordinance, passed unanimously by the Lake County Council, as a cornerstone in efforts to revitalize blighted industrial sites. The ordinance gives the Sheriff’s Department the authority to inspect abandoned and operating sites to determine if hazardous substances have been released, to collect environmental samples from any property, to send out information demand notices to parties, to issue violations on behalf of the county and to prosecute and compel payment of costs incurred.

Now Lake County can effectively enforce state and federal environmental laws and hold liable those parties that pollute. Local governments throughout the U.S. have the same ability as Lake County to pass an environmental protection ordinance that enables them to take control of their natural resources and to create a fund that will keep monies local. As Sheriff Roy Dominquez notes, “This ordinance not only protects public health and preserves our environment, it gives local government the ability to target those parties that caused contamination, but left their mess behind in the form of brownfields, blight and polluted waterways.”